Complications in oncological abdominal surgery (including tumor progression or recurrence, as well as chronic gastrointestinal perforation, internal fistula, obstruction, hemorrhage, abscess, etc. occurring during anti‑tumor therapy), acute abdominal surgical conditions (such as gastrointestinal perforation, obstruction, hemorrhage, cholecystitis, cholangitis, appendicitis, sigmoid volvulus, intra‑abdominal abscess, stoma reversal, etc.), and common general surgical diseases (such as gallbladder stones, gallbladder polyps, benign and malignant gastrointestinal tumors, etc.)

Complications in oncological abdominal surgery (including tumor progression or recurrence, as well as chronic gastrointestinal perforation, internal fistula, obstruction, hemorrhage, abscess, etc. occurring during anti‑tumor therapy), acute abdominal surgical conditions (such as gastrointestinal perforation, obstruction, hemorrhage, cholecystitis, cholangitis, appendicitis, sigmoid volvulus, intra‑abdominal abscess, stoma reversal, etc.), and common general surgical diseases (such as gallbladder stones, gallbladder polyps, benign and malignant gastrointestinal tumors, etc.)