The Department of Pathology was established in 1963, with successive directors Yang Bingyan, Li Jing, Wang Jinjin, and Zhang Huijuan. Through the efforts of several generations of pathologists, the discipline has continuously developed, with exquisite diagnostic standards, strong technical expertise, and comprehensive archival materials, providing favorable conditions for clinical practice, teaching, and research. The department serves as the specialized pathology training base for breast and female reproductive system diseases in Shanghai and a member unit for cervical cytology quality control, and offers a graduate training program in pathology. Director Yang Bingyan was awarded the Second Prize of the National Science and Technology Achievement Award. Currently, there are 24 medical technical personnel, with 50% holding doctoral or master's degrees. The department primarily undertakes the diagnosis of various specimens from surgery, biopsy, and cytology for the hospital, with approximately 50,000 histological diagnoses and 110,000-130,000 cytological diagnoses annually. The diagnostic scope covers benign and malignant tumor pathology of gynecology and breast, and placental pathology of adverse pregnancy. The average annual number of perinatal autopsies is 100-200 cases. The department accepts consultation of difficult pathological slides from all over the country, averaging 1,500 cases per year. In addition to routine immunohistochemistry and cytology p16/Ki67 double staining, a series of molecular pathology tests are also performed, including FISH, TCGA molecular classification of endometrial cancer, 90-gene panel for gynecological tumors, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) for ovarian cancer, BRCA1/2 gene testing, and 21-gene assay for breast cancer. The current discipline leader and department director, Zhang Huijuan, holds a PhD in Pathology from the University of Hong Kong and was a visiting scholar at the Department of Pathology and the Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford, UK. She has presided over more than ten national, provincial, and municipal-level research projects. The department focuses on basic and clinical pathology research in gynecological tumor diagnosis and pathogenesis, placental pathology and pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic diseases, and pathogenesis of perinatal malformations.