The Department of Neonatology was established in the early 1960s as the first independent neonatology department in China, and gradually established and improved the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), enjoying a certain reputation both domestically and internationally. Since the early days of the hospital's founding, it has completed the treatment and care of nearly 300,000 newborns. In order to standardize the daily work of the NICU and clarify responsibilities, there is a comprehensive management system in place. At the same time, advanced management models from both domestic and international sources are actively adopted, and new technologies and methods are utilized, aiming to further improve the diagnosis, treatment, and management levels for critically ill and complex cases in our department. While fulfilling clinical work, after decades of effort by several generations, our department has developed a strong team for scientific research and teaching, conducting multiple basic and clinical studies in the field of perinatal neonatology, and has completed multiple projects including WHO projects, national-level, and municipal-level projects. We have participated in writing authoritative professional books and published over a hundred papers in various authoritative journals such as domestic core journals and Japanese medical journals. Among them, "Analysis of 835 Cases of Neonatal Hemolytic Disease over Eighteen Years," "Preliminary Study on Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B in Shanghai," and others possess considerable clinical and research value.