The Glaucoma and Optic Nerve Disease Division was founded by renowned professors such as Yuan Shouyu and Ji Xunchuan. In 1960, it established the first glaucoma research laboratory and specialized glaucoma clinic in China, and was the first to systematically propose the clinical staging of primary acute angle-closure glaucoma (1960s) and the clinical patterns of chronic angle-closure glaucoma (1980s), which became the industry-recognized disease staging standards and are still in use today; in 2016, it was invited by the top ophthalmology journal Progress in Retinal and Eye Research to publish a lengthy review on angle-closure glaucoma. It was the first to propose the impact of 24-hour intraocular pressure fluctuation on glaucomatous optic nerve damage and the importance of stable control; the first to carry out external trabeculotomy, drainage valve implantation, non-penetrating trabecular surgery, Ex-press implantation, and many other new surgeries; the first to apply OCT detection of Schlemm's canal and OCT angiography technology in glaucoma clinical practice; and the first to carry out a variety of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries, including KDB, XEN drainage tube, and GATT. In 1997, it established China's first glaucoma patient club. This innovative model not only provided a convenient doctor-patient communication platform for glaucoma patients, but also promoted the popularization of glaucoma knowledge, psychological support for patients, and early screening, prevention, treatment, and health care of glaucoma, and has been widely recognized by academic circles at home and abroad. In 2016, the project "Understanding Glaucoma, Defeating Glaucoma," led by Professor Sun Xinghuai, the discipline leader, won the Second Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. The division has successively undertaken dozens of national-level research projects, including "973," "863," and key projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Two successive generations of discipline leaders have served as chairman and vice chairman of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, establishing its leading domestic position in glaucoma medical care, education, and research. The division has 6 doctoral supervisors, 3 master's supervisors, 7 full senior titles, and 6 associate senior titles.