In July 2013, in response to the call to be "patient-oriented and disease-centered," and to implement the requirements of specialized and refined management concepts, Renji Hospital integrated the advantageous resources of the former Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and General Surgery to establish the Head and Neck Surgery Department, with the primary mission of diagnosing and treating head and neck diseases. It is one of the earliest hospitals in Shanghai to establish a Head and Neck Surgery Department. The Head and Neck Surgery Department primarily treats thyroid and parathyroid tumors (including primary/secondary hyperparathyroidism), laryngeal tumors (including benign lesions such as laryngeal polyps and laryngeal cancer), salivary gland tumors, and soft tissue tumors of the neck. The department currently has 16 doctors, including 3 chief physicians and 2 associate chief physicians. Most doctors in the department have more than one year of overseas exchange experience and have maintained good clinical and research cooperation relationships with many leading departments in Europe and the United States. Following the policy of "going out and inviting in," many doctors in the department have spoken at international conferences to exchange results and regularly participate in organizing international academic conferences domestically to exchange cutting-edge concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck tumors. In June 2022, in order to further tap into its own potential, the department moved from the West Branch of Renji Hospital to the new location on the 11th floor of the outpatient building of the East Branch of Renji Hospital. In less than ten years since its establishment, the department has published more than 70 papers domestically and internationally (including nearly 40 SCI papers) and has undertaken and completed nearly 10 or more projects at the national, municipal, and bureau levels. The annual surgical volume of the Head and Neck Surgery Department has steadily increased, currently averaging more than 3,000 surgeries per year. Among these, the surgical quality for thyroid malignant tumors, a key disease in Shanghai, ranks steadily among the top three in surgical volume among general hospitals in the city. For the department's characteristic surgeries, there are nearly 120 or more surgeries for primary/secondary hyperparathyroidism each year. For the department's new techniques, there are more than 100 endoscopic thyroid surgeries each year. There are nearly 100 cases of various benign and malignant tumors of the pharynx and larynx each year. The department's thyroid tumor surgery has reached a leading level in Shanghai, and parathyroid tumor surgery has reached the top level in the city. Since the establishment of the department, Head and Neck Surgery has advocated starting from the patient's perspective and conducting multidisciplinary case discussions and academic exchanges in conjunction with relevant clinical departments. Horizontally, it brings together experts from sister departments such as nuclear medicine, ultrasound medicine, endocrinology, nephrology, thoracic surgery, radiotherapy, and oncology to conduct annual education, lectures, and free clinics on thyroid and parathyroid diseases, which have been welcomed and unanimously recognized by a large number of patients and their families. With the strong support of hospital leadership, the department was among the first to establish a Multidisciplinary Treatment Center (MDT) for thyroid and parathyroid diseases. Adopting a multidisciplinary collaborative approach, it has optimized the diagnostic and treatment process through multidisciplinary collaboration, diagnosed and treated a large number of difficult and critical cases, and won the praise of patients. In addition, through joint efforts with the ultrasound and laboratory departments to carry out preoperative puncture and BRAF gene testing for thyroid cancer, it has established a standardized clinical evaluation and management system for thyroid nodules based on "morphology-function-pathology-gene." It has also reached a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid tumors within the hospital, greatly reducing the perioperative mortality rate of parathyroid tumors, especially secondary hyperparathyroidism.