The Department of Neurosurgery at Renji Hospital was founded in 1956. It is a National Key Clinical Specialty of the Ministry of Health, a National Key Discipline of the "211 Project" of the Ministry of Education, and a National Key (Cultivated) Discipline of the Ministry of Education. It hosts the Walter E. Dandy Neurosurgery Training Center and the Pujiang Training Center of the Asian Congress of Neurological Surgeons. The Department of Neurosurgery has always adhered to a people-oriented approach, with clinical medical safety as its basic principle, multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment as its feature, and emphasis on comprehensive development in clinical care, education, and research. It focuses on promoting refined, specialized, and individualized diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases. It has established subspecialties including endoscopic minimally invasive surgery, hybrid surgery, cerebrovascular diseases, functional neurosurgery, spine and spinal cord surgery, and pediatric neurosurgery. It has accumulated rich experience in microsurgical techniques and endoscopic techniques for brain tumors, comprehensive treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, refractory epilepsy and movement disorders, neurointensive care, and spine and spinal cord surgery. Its overall medical scale and diagnostic and treatment capacity, disciplinary talent training, and academic level are at an advanced domestic level. The Department of Neurosurgery at Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has 125 open beds (including 19 NICU beds), 38 formally registered physicians, 91 nurses, 3 technicians, and 1 full-time researcher. The department also has a group of outstanding young talents, including recipients of the China Qiushi Outstanding Youth Award, young and middle-aged experts with outstanding contributions from the Ministry of Health, Shanghai Medical Leading Talents, Shanghai Science and Technology Elite, the Shanghai "Silver Snake Award," Shanghai "Medical Garden New Star," Shanghai Rising Star, Shanghai "Double Hundred" Talents, Shanghai "Outstanding Youth," the "Wang Zhongcheng Chinese Outstanding Neurosurgeon Award," and the "Wang Zhengguo Trauma Medicine Innovation Award." In 2023, there were 35,000 outpatient and emergency visits, 3,400 annual discharges, and nearly 3,100 surgeries, including more than 2,100 grade III and IV surgeries. Among the key neurosurgical diseases statistics from the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center, Renji Hospital's Department of Neurosurgery ranked second for glioma and meningioma for five consecutive years (2017-2022). The epilepsy specialty was selected in 2019 as one of the first batch of national tertiary comprehensive epilepsy centers. In the past 3 years, 12 National Natural Science Foundation projects, 7 Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission projects, 2 Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission projects, 3 Shanghai Shenkang projects, and others have been approved, with declared funding reaching more than 8 million yuan. In recent years, the Department of Neurosurgery has won one each of the Second Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, the Second Prize of the Huaxia Medical Science and Technology Award, the First Prize of the Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award, the First Prize of the Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ministry of Education, and the Second Prize of the Chinese Medical Science and Technology Award, as well as multiple other medical achievement awards. It has 1 invention patent and more than 10 utility model patents. It has published more than 300 papers, with a total impact factor of more than 550 points, including more than 90 papers with an impact factor greater than 5. This includes more than 60 original articles published in internationally renowned journals such as the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Neuro-oncology, Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurotrauma, Journal of Neurochemistry, and Journal of Neuroinflammation. The Department of Neurosurgery has strong clinical, educational, and research capabilities, a well-structured talent echelon, and a strong academic atmosphere. It is currently ushering in a period of rapid development. Through the efforts of several generations, it will be built into a major domestic neurosurgical clinical diagnosis and treatment and research center with a certain degree of international visibility and influence.