The Department of Pediatrics at Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, is one of the earliest departments established at the founding of the hospital, with a long history and rich heritage. Through the joint efforts of several generations of pediatric practitioners, the discipline has become a base for pediatric clinical diagnosis and treatment, scientific research, and talent cultivation in Shanghai. Before 1941, Pediatrics at Renji was part of the Department of Internal Medicine and was managed concurrently by British physicians; after 1941, it was managed concurrently by Chinese internal medicine physicians. In 1952, Professor Guo Di, the founder of Chinese pediatrics, established the Department of Pediatrics at Renji. In 1954, the entire Department of Pediatrics at Renji was relocated to Guangci Hospital and merged to form the Department of Pediatrics of Shanghai Second Medical College. In April 1958, Renji Hospital reestablished the Department of Pediatrics (West Campus), with outpatient services and wards. In 1992, the East Campus of Renji Hospital opened its Department of Pediatrics. In December 2012, in response to the "5+3+1" project of the Shanghai Health Bureau, the Pediatrics Department at the East Campus was closed, and the Pediatrics Department at Renji South Campus was established in Pujiang Town, Minhang District, with outpatient, emergency, and inpatient services. In 2022, with the structural adjustment of the entire hospital, the West Campus currently has a pediatric outpatient clinic; the South Campus Pediatrics Department has pediatric outpatient, emergency, and inpatient services, with 24 open beds. The Department of Pediatrics at Renji currently includes two ward areas at the West Campus and South Campus, with 24 open beds, 19 formally registered physicians, and 21 nurses. There is 1 doctoral supervisor, 1 master's supervisor, and 7 senior professional titles. Around 1941, the diagnosis and treatment of Pediatrics at Renji mainly focused on infectious and communicable diseases, followed by nutritional deficiency diseases and bone and joint tuberculosis, among other conditions. In the 1950s, community-based child health care work was carried out, and intestinal parasitic diseases in children were eliminated in key areas. In 1959, a specialized pediatric integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine clinic was established. Starting in 1963, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cardiovascular diseases were carried out. From 1970 to 1977, a total of 100 cases of patent ductus arteriosus in children under 14 years of age were admitted, treated with simple ligation or clipping; and interventional treatment of patent ductus arteriosus was carried out in cooperation with cardiothoracic surgery. In the 1970s and 1980s, relatively comprehensive clinical subspecialties including pediatric cardiology, nephrology, hematology, respiratory medicine, and child health care were formed. In 1993, the pediatric rheumatology subspecialty was established. In August 1998, the "Renji Children's Asthma Prevention and Treatment Center" was founded. In 2001, the Department of Pediatrics, together with the Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dermatology, and Traditional Chinese Medicine, established the "Renji Allergy Disease Center." In 2004, the Department of Pediatrics joined the Renji Rheumatology GROPEC group. In 2008, together with sister institutions such as Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Children's Asthma Diagnosis and Treatment Center was jointly established. In 2010, the Department of Pediatrics at Renji became the deputy head unit of the National Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Group. The fields involved in pediatrics expanded from the original single focus on infectious diseases to different subspecialties including child health care, hematology, nephrology, cardiovascular medicine, gastroenterology, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, rheumatology and immunology, and allergic diseases. At present, the Department of Pediatrics at Renji has formed its diagnostic and treatment characteristics centered on pediatric rheumatology and allergic diseases. In 1961, the Pediatrics Teaching and Research Group at Renji was established, undertaking teaching tasks. In 1996 and 2004, the Department of Pediatrics at Renji successively became a master's and doctoral degree program in pediatrics, and has since trained more than 50 doctoral and master's students. It currently undertakes teaching tasks for the five-, seven-, and eight-year clinical medicine programs, preventive medicine program, adult education (night school), and master's and doctoral graduate students at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. In 2010, the Department of Pediatrics became a standardized residency training base. In 2014, the Department of Pediatrics became a pediatric rheumatology specialty training base. In the 1960s, clinical research in fields such as child health care, hematology, cardiology, and gastroenterology was gradually carried out. In 1996, the Pediatrics Laboratory was established. In 2010, the laboratory was approved by the Huangpu District CDC as a pediatric secondary biosafety laboratory, laying the foundation for clinical teaching and scientific research. More than 30 research projects from the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Health Bureau, and other sources have been completed successively, and more than 300 papers have been published in core journals at home and abroad, including more than 40 SCI articles. The Department of Pediatrics at Renji Hospital will continue to promote comprehensive discipline development, continue to take the subspecialties of pediatric rheumatology and allergic diseases and important specific diseases as units, take outstanding young physicians with specialized expertise as talent advantages, enhance the connotation and capacity of medical services, strengthen scientific research and talent team building, and lay the foundation for the discipline to rank among first-class disciplines in the country.