The Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery at Peking University Third Hospital is one of the earliest centers in China to carry out clinical interventional diagnosis and treatment. In the early 1990s, driven jointly by the Vascular Disease Group of the Department of General Surgery led by Professor Dong Guoxiang and the Interventional Radiology Group led by Professor Li Xuan, Peking University Third Hospital took the lead in China in conducting interventional diagnosis and treatment for peripheral vascular diseases and various other conditions. In 2001, the Department of Vascular Surgery and the Department of Interventional Radiology were established as independent departments. After years of accumulation, the two departments achieved a strategic merger in 2006, establishing the nation's first Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery integrating surgical operations and interventional diagnosis and treatment, pioneering the integrated development of interventional radiology and vascular surgery in China. Adhering to the development philosophy of "equal emphasis on surgery and interventional therapy," all physicians in the department possess both solid open surgical capabilities and proficient interventional diagnostic and therapeutic skills, achieving a true integration of "dual competencies." Through nearly two decades of sustained development and innovation, the department has made significant progress in clinical practice, scientific research, and discipline construction, demonstrating vigorous vitality and dynamism, and consistently remaining at the forefront of the field of interventional radiology and vascular surgery in China. As one of the most comprehensively equipped integrated departments of interventional therapy and vascular surgery in China, the Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery at Peking University Third Hospital covers the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases throughout the entire body (excluding the heart), primarily including: aortic diseases, cerebrovascular diseases (intracranial aneurysms, intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis/occlusion, intracranial vascular malformations), visceral vascular diseases (visceral artery aneurysms, ischemic bowel disease, renal artery stenosis, portal hypertension, Budd-Chiari syndrome, etc.), extremity vascular diseases (peripheral arterial stenosis/occlusion of the limbs, venous thrombosis, arteriovenous malformations), open surgery and interventional treatment for hemorrhage at various sites, as well as interventional treatment for various tumors and related complications. The annual outpatient volume exceeds 33,000 visits, the emergency volume approaches 3,000 visits, the annual discharged patient volume is nearly 5,000, and the total annual surgical volume exceeds 6,000 procedures. The Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery currently has 45 open beds and is equipped with 3 digital subtraction angiography (DSA) catheterization operating rooms. The department comprises 17 attending physicians, 2 technicians, and 35 nurses. Members of the departmental team hold core positions in multiple important academic organizations, including the Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine, Chinese Microcirculation Society, Chinese Research Hospital Association, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare, Chinese Medical Education Association, and Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, with appointments ranging from chairman, vice chairman, standing committee member, to committee member at various levels. In clinical practice, the department actively carries out highly complex hybrid procedures (i.e., combined open surgery and interventional techniques), achieving significant innovations in multiple techniques, among which the "trans-superior mesenteric vein approach portal vein thrombectomy and angioplasty" represents an international first; techniques such as "composite stent regulation of portal venous pressure during TIPS" and "Y-type drainage for obstructive jaundice" have also been reported for the first time both domestically and internationally. In terms of scientific research, the department focuses on cutting-edge areas of interventional radiology and vascular surgery, conducting systematic research on biodegradable stents, composite abdominal aortic stents, and other directions, yielding a series of innovative achievements. Meanwhile, the department places great emphasis on the creation and translation of intellectual property, having applied for more than ten utility model patents and actively promoting the clinical translation and application of related outcomes.